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Changes in nutritional status during high-dose chemotherapy in selected hematooncological diseases
Křivánková, Jana ; Szotkowski, Tomáš (advisor) ; Káňová, Marcela (referee)
Hematooncological diseases are often accompanied by dietary restriction, especially in cytotoxic therapy. The main purpose of the work was to assess the effect of high-dose chemotherapy on the change of nutritional status in two groups of hematooncological patients. A total of 16 patients were enrolled. Changes of the body composition were evaluated using bioelectrical impedance analysis supplemented by monitoring of biochemical nutritional indicators. Observations showed that in both groups the majority lost weight. In the first group of eight patients with acute myeloid leukemia observed during three consecutive hospitalizations, the median of change of body weight was -3.7 kg (-4.3%). Loss of lean body mass with a median value of -4.8 kg (-7.2%) was detected at all patients. Body fat was reduced at half of the patients. In some cases, with length of observation, there was an increase in fat mass along with visceral fat. In the second group, which included eight patients (after autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation) at whom one hospitalization was evaluated, body weight was reduced at six patients. The medianof change of body weight was -2.1 kg (-2.3%). At five patients, the treatment representeda loss of active metabolic mass. The change of the weight of the lean body mass was shown...
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The decline in skeletal muscle mass - sarcopenia in seniors
KADEŘÁBKOVÁ, Hana
As the age increases, the physical fitness of seniors decreases. This shows the fragility of their body. Managing everyday activities becomes increasingly more difficult for them. Result of this is reduced self-sufficiency of the seniors, which leads to reduced mobility and to the greater loss of muscle mass and higher dependence on professional care. Aging is accompanied by loss of muscle mass and muscle strength - sarcopenia. This is one of the main causes of geriatric fragility. Sarcopenia presents a serious health problem with both social and economic consequences. The term sarcopenia (from Greek words sarx - meaning flesh referring to muscle and penia - loss) was first used in 1989 by Irwin Rosenberg to describe the loss of muscle mass accompanying aging. Exactly defining the term sarcopenia has helped explain this gradual loss of muscle mass. Three objectives were set in the thesis. The first objective was to find out whether sarcopenia reduces the quality of life in the elderly. The second goal was to determine, which quality of life tests are suitable for testing sarcopenia and the last one was whether the SARC - F questionnaire predicts sarcopenia.Quantitative research was used for the empirical part of this work. Data collection was performed using a method of a questionnaire. These were standardized questionnaires aimed at assessing sarcopenia and quality of life. The research was carried out with a total of 77 respondents with sarcopenia and respondents without sarcopenia. The quantitative part of the research was statistically processed using the MS Excel computer program.
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The decline in skeletal muscle mass - sarcopenia in seniors
KADEŘÁBKOVÁ, Hana
As the age increases, the physical fitness of seniors decreases. This shows the fragility of their body. Managing everyday activities becomes increasingly more difficult for them. Result of this is reduced self-sufficiency of the seniors, which leads to reduced mobility and to the greater loss of muscle mass and higher dependence on professional care. Aging is accompanied by loss of muscle mass and muscle strength - sarcopenia. This is one of the main causes of geriatric fragility. Sarcopenia presents a serious health problem with both social and economic consequences. The term sarcopenia (from Greek words sarx - meaning flesh referring to muscle and penia - loss) was first used in 1989 by Irwin Rosenberg to describe the loss of muscle mass accompanying aging. Exactly defining the term sarcopenia has helped explain this gradual loss of muscle mass. Three objectives were set in the thesis. The first objective was to find out whether sarcopenia reduces the quality of life in the elderly. The second goal was to determine, which quality of life tests are suitable for testing sarcopenia and the last one was whether the SARC - F questionnaire predicts sarcopenia.Quantitative research was used for the empirical part of this work. Data collection was performed using a method of a questionnaire. These were standardized questionnaires aimed at assessing sarcopenia and quality of life. The research was carried out with a total of 77 respondents with sarcopenia and respondents without sarcopenia. The quantitative part of the research was statistically processed using the MS Excel computer program.
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The level of selected indicators of body composition and handgrip strength in sporting youth in the Czech Republic
Bednaříková, Anna ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Chrudimský, Jan (referee)
Title: The level of selected indicators of body composition and handgrip strength in sporting youth in the Czech Republic Objectives: The main aim of the bachelor thesis was to find out differences in selected indicators of body composition and handgrip strength of sports youth in four selected regions of the Czech Republic. Methods: 1188 children participated in a cross-sectional study. Participants were recruited from the sports festival for children Sporťáček in these selected regions: Prague, South Moravian Region, West Bohemian Region, and South Bohemian Region. Results: The average age of the study population was 8.8 (2.7) years. There were 51% of girls in this survey. The largest representation was in the South Moravian Region (38.8%), Prague was the second largest region represented by 37.5%. Conclusions: Selected indicators of body composition as well as handgrip strength differed statistically significantly only slightly across the selected regions. Key words: body composition, handgrip strength, skeletal muscle mass
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Reference value for handgrip strength and skeletal muscle mass for children aged 4 to 12 years in the Czech republic.
Vrba, Jakub ; Šteffl, Michal (advisor) ; Kinkorová, Ivana (referee)
Title: Reference value for handgrip strength and skeletal muscle mass for children aged 4 to 12 years in the Czech republic. Objectives: The main aim of this study was to create reference values for handgrip strength dependent on body mass index (BMI) and for skeletal muscle index (SMI) among children in the Czech republic. Methods: 442 children participated in this study realized in five different places of the Czech republic. There were used bioelectrical impedance analysis to body composition and isometric handgrip dynamometer to handgrip strength measurements. Results: Reference values of handgrip strength dependent on body mass index (BMI) and skeletal muscle index (SMI) were calculated. Percentile nomograms for both genders separately are provided according to age from 4 to 12. Conclusion: Handgrip strength dependent on BMI as well as SMI increased with age in both genders. Boys showed higher level in both variables, nevertheless, the only in SMI there was a statistically significant difference. Keywords: Handgrip strength, skeletal muscle mass, BMI, SMI
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